4.06 - Gas Laws Overview - 6:49

KEY CONCEPTS:

Boyle's Law: Pressure and Volume inversely proportional when Temperature is constant

Charles's Law: Volume and Temperature directly proportional when Pressure is constant

Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure and Temperature directly proportional when Volume is constant

Combined Gas Law: Combines ALL 3 equations into 1

NOTE: Initial terms on left of equal sign and final terms on the right

4.05 - Introduction to Gas Laws - 5:13

KEY CONCEPTS:

STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure

Kelvin scale for Temperature

1.19 - VSPER Theory Brief Recap

The following summarizes the 5 MAIN geometric shapes of the VSPER Theory.

1.17 - VSPER Theory Shapes Detailed

KEY CONCEPTS:

A=represents the CENTRAL ATOM
X=represents the number of surrounding atoms
E=represents the number of unshared electrons surrounding the CENTRAL ATOM

2 Regions of High Density Electrons
AX2 - Linear

3 Regions of High Density Electrons

AX3 = trigonal planar
AX2E = Bent

4 Regions of High Density Electrons
AX4 = tetrahedral
AX3E = Trigonal pyramidal
AX2E2 = Bent

5 Regions of High Density Electrons
AX5 = Trigonal bipyramidal
AX4E = Seesaw
AX3E2 = T-shaped
AX2E3 = Linear

6 Regions of High Density Electrons
AX6 = octahedral
AX5E = Square pyramidal
AX4E2 = Square planar

1.18 - VSPER Theory Shape Rules

KEY CONCEPTS:
1. Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule or ion.

2. Count the total number of regions of high electron density (bonding and unshared electron pairs) around the central atom.
* Double and triple bonds count as ONE REGION OF HIGH ELECTRON DENSITY.
* An unpaired electron counts as ONE REGION OF HIGH ELECTRON DENSITY.
* For molecules or ions that have resonance structures, you may use any one of the resonance structures.

3. Identify the most stable arrangement of the regions of high electron density as ONE of the following:
* linear (2 regions)
* trigonal planar (3 regions)
* tetrahedral (4 regions)
* trigonal bipyramidal (5 regions)
* octahedral (6 regions)

VSPER Theory Introduction II - 6:37

KEY CONCEPTS: The following video looks at an introduction to VSPER Theory. We look at what is required for us to identify the shape of the following compound.

VSPER Theory Introduction I - 4:35

KEY CONCEPTS: The following video looks at an introduction to VSPER Theory. We look at what is required for us to identify the shape of the following compound.